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Here this study discovers that hole accumulation is an inevitable reason for Sn2+ oxidation in Sn?Pb perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Basing on this, a non?planar hole transport layer of P3CT/Me?4PACz is designed. P3CT/Me?4PACz will form non?planar films with spikes penetrating perovskite bulk, inhibiting holes accumulation. Resulted PSCs exhibit >24% efficiency with good stability, retaining 82% of initial efficiency after MPP tracking for 1000 h.Sn?Pb perovskite solar cells (PSCs) own the highest theoretical efficiency due to their ideal bandgap. However, the efficiency of Sn?Pb PSCs remains 22–23% at present, which is much lower than Pb?based PSCs. One key reason lies in the Sn2+ oxidation issue. Here, this study demonstrates that apart from well?known chemical environmental oxidation, photo?generated holes and their accumulation are also a critical factor for Sn2+ oxidation in Sn?Pb PSCs. To address this issue, a non?planar hole transport layer (HTL) of P3CT/Me?4PACz is designed through solution micelle regulation. P3CT/Me?4PACz will form a 3D HTL film with a spike?like structure penetrating Sn?Pb perovskite bulk to accelerate hole extraction, thus inhibiting holes accumulation and Sn2+ oxidation. Resulted Sn?Pb PSCs exhibit the highest efficiency of over 24% with good operational stability, retaining 82% of initial efficiency after continuous MPP tracking for 1000 h at an elevated temperature of 55 °C.

» Publication Date: 15/05/2025

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