Integrated manufacturing of REciclable multi-material COmposites for the TRANSport sector
Stabilizing SnO2 Colloids via Phosphate Buffering for Efficient and Durable Perovskite Photovoltaics
A phosphate?buffered strategy stabilizes the chemical environment of SnO2 colloids, suppressing aggregation and maintaining surface equilibrium. The optimized PSCs achieve a 26.4% PCE and retain over 99% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of continuous MPP tracking.SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) solutions are considered a highly efficient inks for fabricating electron transport layers in state?of?the?art solution?processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, SnO2 colloids exhibit thermodynamic instability in aqueous solution due to strong van der Waals attractions between nanoparticles, often leading to aggregation and precipitation. Here, a phosphate?buffered synthesis strategy is reported that effectively stabilizes SnO2 colloids. The phosphate buffer maintains a stable pH during synthesis, dynamically regulating the electrostatic repulsion between nanoparticles to suppress aggregation and promote homogeneous dispersion. This method enables precise control over surface hydroxyl groups and oxygen vacancies in the resulting SnO2 films, facilitating efficient electron transport and reducing interfacial recombination. As a result, PSCs achieve a high power convertion efficiency (PCE) of 26.40% while demonstrating exceptional operational stability. The encapsulated device maintains 99%, 84%, and 95% of their initial efficiency under ISOS?L?1, ISOS?L?2, and ISOS?O?1 protocols, respectively. Furthermore, a perovskite solar module (5 cm × 5 cm) with an active area of 12.6 cm2 delivers an impressive PCE of 23.11%. These results highlight the scalability and practical viability of the strategy for developing large?area, high?performance photovoltaic modules.
» Publication Date: 07/12/2025
This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement Nº 768737
